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Today in History for Nov. 18: On this date: In 1095, Pope Urban II called 600 men to the Council of Clermont, where he asked Europe to recapture the Holy Land from the Turks. A vast crusading army was deployed.

Today in History for Nov. 21: In 1766, the first theatre in the U.S. -- the "Southfork" -- opened in Philadelphia. In 1783, the first free flight was made by two men who rose 100 metres above Paris in a hot-air balloon.

Today in History for Nov. 17: On this date: In 1558, Queen Mary I, known as Bloody Mary, who tried to return Protestant Britain to Catholicism, died.

Today in History for Nov. 23: In 1621, poet John Donne was elected dean of St. Paul's Cathedral in London. In 1765, Frederick County, Maryland, became the first colonial entity to repudiate the British Stamp Act.

Today in History for Nov. 20: In 1789, New Jersey became the first state to ratify the U.S. Bill of Rights. In 1841, Wilfrid Laurier, Canada's seventh prime minister, was born.

Today in History for Nov. 19: In 1794, the United States and Britain signed the "Jay Treaty" concerning trade boundaries and commerce.

Celebrity Birthdays for Nov. 8: Singer Bonnie Bramlett is 80. Guitarist Roy Wood, founder of Electric Light Orchestra, is 78. Singer Bonnie Raitt is 75. Former "Entertainment Tonight" host Mary Hart is 74.

Today in Music History for Nov. 8: In 1887, the gramophone was patented by American Thomas Edison. In 1910, "The Dubois String Quartet" gave its first performance at Windsor Hall in Montreal.

Today in History for Nov. 8 On this date: In 1308, medieval scholar Duns Scotus died. His given name led to the introduction of the word dunce.

Celebrity Birthdays for Nov. 7: Former federal NDP leader Audrey McLaughlin is 88. Singer Johnny Rivers is 82. Former supermodel Jean Shrimpton is 82. Singer-songwriter Joni Mitchell is 81. Mezzo-soprano Judith Forst is 81.