Today in History for Nov. 12:
In 1774, British citizens in Quebec protested the Quebec Act which restored French civil law.
In 1856, the Grand Trunk Railway was opened from Quebec to Toronto.
In 1884, Calgary became a town.
In 1920, Judge Kennesaw Mountain Landis was appointed baseball's first commissioner.
In 1927, Josef Stalin became the undisputed ruler of the Soviet Union as Leon Trotsky was expelled from the Communist Party.
In 1930, Norway recognized the sovereignty of Canada over the Sverdrup Islands in the Arctic.
In 1931, Toronto's Maple Leaf Gardens was opened with a hockey game between the Chicago Blackhawks and the Leafs. Erected in five months at the height of the "Great Depression," the Gardens was financed by Conn Smythe and associates who had raised $160,000 and bought the Toronto St. Pats in 1927. The veteran of the First World War and an outspoken patriot, Smythe re-named the team the Toronto Maple Leafs. The Gardens remained the Maple Leafs' home until the Air Canada Centre opened in 1999.
In 1939, Dr. Norman Bethune died of blood poisoning in northern China. The Canadian-born surgeon joined the Communist Party in 1935 and devoted his life to the anti-fascist cause -- first in the Spanish Civil War and then in China, where he's revered as a hero.
In 1942, pharmaceutical giant Bayer patented polyurethane.
In 1942, the Second World War naval "Battle of Guadalcanal" began. (The Allies ended up winning a major victory over the Japanese.)
In 1946, the world's first drive-in banking window was opened by the Exchange National Bank of Chicago.
In 1948, former premier Hideki Tojo and several other Japanese leaders were sentenced to death by a war crimes tribunal.
In 1951, the National Ballet of Canada gave its first performance in Toronto. Founded by Celia Franca, it is the country's largest professional dance company. Superstar Rudolph Nureyev, who first danced with the Toronto-based company in 1965, is credited with promoting the careers of dancers Karen Kain, Frank Augustyn and Veronica Tennant and with raising the company's international stature.
In 1956, the formation of the Canada Council was announced. The Council's mandate was to encourage the development of the arts, humanities and social sciences in Canada. A board of 21 members from all 10 provinces are named by the federal government. The Council offers assistance to individual artists and artistic organizations.
In 1962, the International Exhibition Bureau approved Montreal's application to hold a world's fair in 1967.
In 1964, Grand Duchess Charlotte of Luxembourg abdicated in favour of her son Prince Jean.
In 1971, Paul Joseph Cini, with 54 sticks of dynamite and a shotgun, hijacked an Air Canada aircraft over the Prairies, but was subdued and arrested.
In 1977, the city of New Orleans elected its first black mayor, Ernest (Dutch) Morial, the winner of a runoff.
In 1980, the U.S. space probe "Voyager One" came within 124,000 kilometres of Saturn, sailing beneath the planet's rings while transmitting data to Earth.
In 1981, the balloon "Double Eagle V," carrying three Americans and a Japanese, landed about 160 kilometres north of San Francisco after a 8,480-kilometre journey from Japan. It was the first manned balloon crossing of the Pacific.
In 1982, former KGB chief Yuri Andropov, 68, was chosen to succeed Leonid Brezhnev as General Secretary of the Soviet Communist Party.
In 1982, Telesat Canada took command of "Anik C3," Canada's most powerful satellite, five hours after the satellite's launch from the space shuttle Columbia.
In 1987, China's first American fast-food restaurant -- Kentucky Fried Chicken -- opened in Beijing.
In 1987, the American Medical Association issued a policy statement saying it was unethical for a doctor to refuse to treat someone with AIDS or HIV.
In 1990, Japanese Emperor Akihito formally assumed the Chrysanthemum Throne.
In 1992, Canada's Inuit accepted a $580 million federal land claim settlement giving them control over a large part of the eastern Arctic and paving the way for the creation of a third northern territory to be called Nunavut, which came into creation on April 1, 1999.
In 1995, space shuttle "Atlantis" lifted off from Cape Canaveral, Fla., for an eight-day voyage with a crew that included Chris Hadfield as NASA's first Canadian mission specialist.
In 1995, former Supreme Court of Canada judge Emmett Hall, considered to be one of the fathers of Canada's medicare system, died at age 96.
In 1996, a Saudi Arabian jumbo jet collided in flight with a Kazakh cargo plane near New Delhi, India, exploding in flames, killing 349 people.
In 1997, Ramzi Yousef, who plotted to kill 250,000 people in the twin towers of the World Trade Centre in New York, was found guilty of conspiracy in the 1993 bombing of the Centre, in which six people were killed.
In 2001, 260 people were killed when an American Airlines Flight crashed just minutes after taking off from John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York.
In 2003, Douglas Glover won the Governor General's Literary Award for English-language fiction for his book "Elle." Margaret MacMillan's "Paris 1919: Six Months That Changed the World" won for non-fiction.
In 2003, a truck bomb rocked the headquarters of the Italian police station in the southern Iraqi city of Nasiriyah, killing at least 18 Italians and eight Iraqis. It was the deadliest attack on Italian forces since the Second World War.
In 2004, Scott Peterson of Modesto, Calif., was convicted of one count of first-degree murder for killing his wife Laci and one count of second-degree murder in the death of their unborn son.
In 2011, Italian Premier Silvio Berlusconi resigned after parliament's lower chamber passed EU-demanded reforms, ending a 17-year political era and setting in motion a transition aimed at bringing the country back from the brink of economic crisis.
In 2012, Israel carried out a blistering offensive of more than 50 airstrikes in the Gaza Strip, assassinating Hamas' military commander Ahmed Jabari and targeting the armed group's training facilities and rocket launchers.
In 2013, Ontario's highest court ruled that a three-year mandatory minimum sentence for possessing a loaded prohibited gun was unconstitutional, striking down a plank of the federal Conservatives' 2008 omnibus bill.
In 2013, Montreal's Mylene Paquette became the first North American woman to row solo across the treacherous North Atlantic when she arrived in Lorient, France. She departed on the 5,000-km voyage from Halifax on July 6.
In 2014, the European Space Agency's Rosetta space probe successfully dropped the Philae lander on the speeding comet named 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko - a cosmic first. Unfortunately, Philae settled next to a cliff that largely blocked sunlight from reaching its solar panels. It performed a series of scientific tests and returned plenty of data before depleted batteries forced it to go silent. (On June 13, 2015, Philae awoke and managed to communicate with Earth sporadically for about a month, but again went silent. On Sept. 30, 2016, the Rosetta probe ended its mission when scientists intentionally crash-landed it on the comet.)
In 2017, more than 530 people were killed when a 7.3 magnitude earthquake struck the once-contested mountainous border region between Iraq and Iran, with nearly all of the victims in an area rebuilt since the end of the ruinous 1980s war.
In 2018, the Hockey Hall of Fame welcomed its class of 2018. NHL commissioner Gary Bettman, all-time goalie wins and shutouts leader Martin Brodeur, diminutive underdog Martin St. Louis, Canadian women's star Jayna Hefford, league trailblazer Willie O'Ree and Russian great Alexander Yakushev were inducted at a ceremony in Toronto.
In 2020, a $50-million foundation to help survivors of the '60 Scoop was ceremonially launched. Its aim is to help heal the damage done by taking Indigenous children from their families and placing them in non-Indigenous homes. Establishment of the foundation was part of a class-action settlement with the federal government.
In 2021, Canada was temporarily withdrawing non-essential staff from its embassy in troubled Haiti. There was a spike in gang-related violence in the country and a severe fuel shortage.
In 2021, Health Canada approved the use of Moderna's mRNA vaccine for booster shots for adults 18 and older, to be used at least six months after the second shot.
In 2021, Britney Spears was finally free. A Los Angeles judge ended the conservatorship that had controlled her life and money for nearly 14 years. For the first time since 2008, she was free to make her own medical, financial and personal decisions without court oversight.
In 2023, the Edmonton Oilers fired head coach Jay Woodcroft after a sluggish start to their NHL season. The club also announced assistant coach Dave Manson had also been let go. Hartford Wolf Pack head coach Kris Knoblauch assumed head coaching duties, joined by assistant coach Paul Coffey.
In 2023, Canada beat Italy to win its first ever Billie Jean King Cup Finals in tennis. The victory was sealed by Laval, Quebec's Leylah Fenandez, who beat Jasmine Paolini of Italy in a best-of-three tie. It was Canada's first appearance in the final of the women's team tennis competition.
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The Canadian Press