OTTAWA — Canada abstained Wednesday from a high-profile United Nations vote demanding that Israel end its "unlawful presence" in the Gaza Strip and the occupied West Bank within a year.
The decision follows a shift in how Ottawa votes at the UN, and it alarmed a prominent Israel advocacy group while earning criticism from two Liberal MPs.
"We cannot support a resolution where one party, the State of Israel, is held solely responsible for the conflict," Canada's ambassador to the United Nations, Bob Rae, told the General Assembly.
The State of Palestine brought the non-binding motion, which passed 124-14; Canada was among 43 abstentions. The resolution was based on a non-binding ruling by the top United Nations court in July that said Israel’s presence in the Palestinian territories is unlawful and must end.
The motion pertained to Israel's decades of occupation in the West Bank, as well as its war against Hamas in Gaza. It comes as the first anniversary of the war approaches and as violence in the West Bank reaches new highs.
Riyad Mansour, the Palestinian UN ambassador, called the vote a turning point "in our struggle for freedom and justice."
"It sends a clear message that Israel’s occupation must end as soon as possible and that the Palestinian people’s right to self-determination must be realized," he said.
Israel's UN Ambassador, Danny Danon, slammed the vote as "a shameful decision that backs the Palestinian Authority’s diplomatic terrorism."
"Instead of marking the anniversary of the Oct. 7 massacre by condemning Hamas and calling for the release of all 101 of the remaining hostages, the General Assembly continues to dance to the music of the Palestinian Authority," Danon said.
Rae said Canada abstained despite agreeing that Israel is illegally occupying Palestinian territories, because the resolution calls for isolating Israel and contains language around boycotting the country, which he said will not lead to peace.
He said the violence in Israel and the territories it occupies is "a conflict where everyone in this room knows that many other states and non-state actors are also directly involved."
While the resolution is not legally binding, the extent of its support reflects world opinion. There are no vetoes in the General Assembly, unlike in the 15-member Security Council.
The resolution also demands the withdrawal of all Israeli forces and the evacuation of settlers from the occupied Palestinian territories "without delay." And it urges countries to impose sanctions on those responsible for maintaining Israel’s presence in the territories and halt arms exports to Israel if they’re suspected of being used there.
In addition, the resolution calls for Israel to pay reparations to Palestinians for the damage caused by its occupation and urges countries to take steps to prevent trade or investments that maintain Israel’s presence in the territories.
Liberal MPs Anthony Housefather and Marco Mendicino said Canada should have voted against the "blatantly one-sided" resolution, arguing the abstention doesn't advance conditions for peace or adequately recognize Israel's right to exist.
The Centre for Israel and Jewish Affairs argued that Canada on Wednesday violated a statement Rae's delegation issued last November, which said Canada would vote down motions unfairly targeting Israel.
"Canada reiterates the importance of a fair-minded approach at the United Nations and will continue to vote 'no' on resolutions that do not address the complexities of the issues or seek to address the actions and responsibilities of all parties, including the destructive role of terrorist organizations like Hamas, Palestinian Islamic Jihad and Hezbollah," the Nov. 9, 2023 statement reads.
That statement was issued as Canada abstained on a motion calling for an "immediate, durable and sustained humanitarian truce" in Gaza. Analysts noted Canada has generally voted against UN motions focusing on Israel, as the U.S. continues to do.
A month later, Canada broke with tradition by voting in favour of a UN motion seeking an "immediate ceasefire" without specifically condemning Hamas.
Reacting to Wednesday's vote, CIJA argued Canada is rewarding Hamas by abstaining and not voting against the motion. "Canada broke its promise and put political expediency before principle," the group wrote in a statement.
The International Court of Justice ruling that spawned the motion was a sweeping condemnation of Israel’s rule over the lands it captured during the 1967 war. It said Israel had no right to sovereignty over the territories and was violating international laws against acquiring the lands by force.
Rae argued Wednesday's resolution "goes well beyond the ICJ advisory opinion."
The motion asks UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres to submit a report to the General Assembly within three months of putting the resolution in place, "including any actions taken by Israel, other states and international organizations, including the United Nations."
"We fully abide by the decisions of the International Court of Justice," Guterres told reporters. "I will implement any decision of the General Assembly in that regard."
Meanwhile, Canada laid sanctions Wednesday against people with "roles in Hamas's financial network" as well as "extremist" Israeli settlers.
This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 18, 2024.
— With files from The Associated Press.
Dylan Robertson, The Canadian Press
